Yes, tyre size changes can affect traction control systems.
Traction control works by comparing wheel speeds to detect rear wheel slip. If tyre sizes are changed significantly from standard, the rolling circumference of the tyre may differ from what the system expects. This can cause traction control to intervene too early, too late, or more frequently than intended.
Small deviations in tyre size are often tolerated, but larger changes in profile or width can exaggerate the effect. This is particularly noticeable on modern motorcycles with advanced traction control systems that are closely calibrated to standard tyre dimensions.
However, be cautious about the advice you see in forums, etc. If in doubt, call your manufacturer or trusted service centre. One of the common things we hear is that you cannot change the rear wheel size on a superbike, as it will mess with the traction control. However, this is assuming that all 200-section tyres for example have exactly the same rolling circumference and width etc, which they do not. Also, most of these bikes will be able to run rain tyres (wets) on the standard system’s traction-control settings and wets are only commonly available in sizes up to 190-section.
Tyre wear can also influence traction control behaviour, as a worn tyre has a smaller rolling circumference than a new one. This is normal and accounted for to a degree, but extreme differences can still affect system behaviour.
For best results, tyres should remain close to manufacturer-recommended sizes and specifications, especially on bikes with sophisticated electronic aids.
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